{"id":75,"date":"2025-09-20T12:51:51","date_gmt":"2025-09-20T10:51:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xavs.cat\/?p=75"},"modified":"2025-09-20T12:51:51","modified_gmt":"2025-09-20T10:51:51","slug":"com-mesurar-la-velocitat-de-lectura-i-escriptura-dun-punt-de-muntatge-a-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xavs.cat\/?p=75","title":{"rendered":"Com mesurar la velocitat de lectura i escriptura d\u2019un punt de muntatge a Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Quan gestionem sistemes Linux, sovint necessitem comprovar el rendiment d\u2019un dispositiu d\u2019emmagatzematge o punt de muntatge. Saber quina velocitat d\u2019escriptura i lectura ofereix ens ajuda a detectar colls d\u2019ampolla, comprovar la salut del maquinari o simplement validar configuracions (RAID, LVM, discos NVMe, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En aquest article veurem com fer-ho amb dues eines populars:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a><code>dd<\/code><\/a>: eina simple inclosa en gaireb\u00e9 totes les distribucions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/axboe\/fio\"><code>fio<\/code><\/a>: eina avan\u00e7ada per a proves de rendiment d\u2019I\/O.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Com mesurar la velocitat amb\u00a0<code>dd<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>El&nbsp;<code>dd<\/code>&nbsp;\u00e9s una eina senzilla que pot simular una escriptura seq\u00fcencial al disc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemple: test d\u2019escriptura<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>dd if=\/dev\/zero of=\/mnt\/test\/dd_test bs=1G count=1 oflag=direct<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>if=\/dev\/zero<\/code>: genera dades buides (zeros)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>of=\/mnt\/test\/dd_test<\/code>: fitxer de sortida al punt de muntatge a provar<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>bs=1G<\/code>: mida del bloc (1 GB)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>count=1<\/code>: nombre de blocs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>oflag=direct<\/code>: evita la mem\u00f2ria cau del sistema per a un test m\u00e9s real<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Atenci\u00f3<\/strong>: aix\u00f2 escriu dades reals al disc. Assegura\u2019t de fer-ho en un lloc segur.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemple: test de lectura<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Primer crea un fitxer gran:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>dd if=\/dev\/zero of=\/mnt\/test\/read_test bs=1G count=1 oflag=direct<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Despr\u00e9s llegeix-lo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>dd if=\/mnt\/test\/read_test of=\/dev\/null bs=1G iflag=direct<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Aix\u00f2 descarta les dades llegides, per\u00f2 calcula la velocitat de lectura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Com fer proves avan\u00e7ades amb\u00a0<code>fio<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>El&nbsp;<code>fio<\/code>&nbsp;\u00e9s molt m\u00e9s complet i configurable. Permet simular c\u00e0rregues reals: aleat\u00f2ries, seq\u00fcencials, amb diferents mides de bloc, m\u00faltiples fils, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Instal\u00b7laci\u00f3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt install fio   # Debian\/Ubuntu\nsudo dnf install fio   # RHEL\/CentOS\/Fedora<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemple: test d\u2019escriptura seq\u00fcencial<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>fio --name=seq_write --filename=\/mnt\/test\/fio_test --size=1G --bs=1M --rw=write --ioengine=libaio --direct=1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemple: test de lectura aleat\u00f2ria<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>fio --name=rand_read --filename=\/mnt\/test\/fio_test --size=1G --bs=4k --rw=randread --ioengine=libaio --direct=1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Par\u00e0metres comuns:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>--rw<\/code>: tipus d\u2019I\/O (<code>write<\/code>,\u00a0<code>read<\/code>,\u00a0<code>randwrite<\/code>,\u00a0<code>randread<\/code>, etc.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>--bs<\/code>: mida del bloc (ex: 4k, 1M)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>--size<\/code>: mida total de la prova<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>--direct=1<\/code>: evita la mem\u00f2ria cau<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>--ioengine<\/code>: motor d\u2019I\/O (com\u00a0<code>libaio<\/code>\u00a0o\u00a0<code>sync<\/code>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Difer\u00e8ncies entre\u00a0<code>dd<\/code>\u00a0i\u00a0<code>fio<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Caracter\u00edstica<\/th><th><code>dd<\/code><\/th><th><code>fio<\/code><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Complexitat<\/td><td>Molt simple<\/td><td>Avan\u00e7ada i molt configurable<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tipus de proves<\/td><td>Seq\u00fcencials b\u00e0siques<\/td><td>Seq\u00fcencials, aleat\u00f2ries, combinades<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Multithreading<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>S\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Resultats detallats<\/td><td>Limitats (nom\u00e9s temps i MB\/s)<\/td><td>Complets (IOPS, lat\u00e8ncia, etc.)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00das en benchmarking<\/td><td>Acceptable per a casos simples<\/td><td>Ideal per a proves reals i complexes<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2705 Conclusi\u00f3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Si nom\u00e9s vols fer una prova r\u00e0pida,&nbsp;<code>dd<\/code>&nbsp;pot ser suficient. Per\u00f2 si necessites entendre realment com respon el sistema d\u2019emmagatzematge sota c\u00e0rrega,&nbsp;<code>fio<\/code>&nbsp;\u00e9s la millor eina. T\u2019ofereix flexibilitat, detall i realisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quan gestionem sistemes Linux, sovint necessitem comprovar el rendiment d\u2019un dispositiu d\u2019emmagatzematge o punt de muntatge. Saber quina velocitat d\u2019escriptura i lectura ofereix ens ajuda a detectar colls d\u2019ampolla, comprovar la salut del maquinari o simplement validar configuracions (RAID, LVM, discos NVMe, etc.). En aquest article veurem com fer-ho amb dues eines populars: Com mesurar [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xavs.cat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xavs.cat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xavs.cat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xavs.cat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xavs.cat\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=75"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/xavs.cat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":76,"href":"https:\/\/xavs.cat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75\/revisions\/76"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xavs.cat\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=75"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xavs.cat\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=75"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xavs.cat\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=75"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}